Friday, December 27, 2019

The Death Penalty Is The Practice Of Executing People As...

2D 7A:Capital punishment is the practice of executing people as punishment for a specific crime. Throughout history, people have been put to death for serious criminals. Methods of execution have included such practices as injection, shooting and other forms. 2C According to Amnesty International (2007), ninety eight countries have abolished capital punishment. This proportion accounts for most of countires in the world. The death penalty is the most controversial penal practice in the modern world, as it is related to moral level. There are some kinder ways that criminals could be executed, such as injection. For instance, thirty seven states in USA employ lethal injection to punish criminals, according to State by State Lethal Injection (n.d.). However, the nature of these methods is still to kill people. 7A People should deeply consider capital punishment is fair and decrease crime rates, even employing softer methods. 7E 2A In an actual case, a victim translates his emotion from hate to comprehesion. This case can stimulate us to think does capital capishiment can be fair and decrease crime rates. Celeste went back mother’s home for her funeral. The reason why his mother was killed is that a criminal had no money to purchase drugs (Sterbenz, 2014). 7A During court period, the author had translated his attitudes from individual standpoint to criminal’ position. 2A 7A At the beginning of court, he hoped that the criminal could be given capital punihsemnt, so he wouldShow MoreRelated The Death Penalty Debate Essay1041 Words   |  5 PagesThe Death Penalty Debate The issue of the death penalty is widely disputed. So disputed that maybe I shouldn’t have picked this topic. But nevertheless, the death penalty is an issue that needs to be addressed. Should the death penalty be abolished from our criminal justice system? Well, that depends on whom you ask. If you ask me†¦ no. I personally don’t see anything wrong with the death penalty because there are a lot of criminals that are just too dangerous to society and death is the onlyRead MoreEssay on Death Penalty Should Not Be Practiced904 Words   |  4 Pages Capital Punishment The death penalty is capital punishment given by the legislature of a nation, to individuals who have perpetrated repulsive criminal acts like manslaughter, and so on. The death penalty has been a method for rebuffing individuals since ages. Despite the fact that there are a few nations that have canceled capital punishment from their law, there are still numerous which still practice the demonstration of executing an individual for wrongdoing. The death penalty is common inRead MoreThe Issue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man Walking947 Words   |  4 PagesIssue of Capital Punishment as in the film Dead Man Walking In this essay I am going to analyse and explain how the issue of Capital Punishment is portrayed in the film Dead Man Walking, a true story acted out. Before I proceed with this essay, I think it necessary to give some background information on Capital Punishment. Capital punishment, also referred to as the death penalty, is the ordered execution of a prisoner as a punishment for a serious crime. Prisoners areRead More Pro Death Penalty Essay965 Words   |  4 PagesCapital punishment and the practice of the death penalty is an issue that is passionately debated in the United States. Opponents of the death penalty claim that capital punishment is unnecessary since a life sentence accomplishes the same objective. What death penalty opponents neglect to tell you is that convicted murders and child rapists escape from prison every year(List of prison escapes, 2015). As I write this essay, police are searching for two convicted murders who escaped from the ClintonRead MoreThe Death Penalty Is Not Redeemed By An Evil Deed Of Retaliation1341 Words   |  6 Pagesabolitionist of the death penalty (Nichols). Coretta proved that one does not need the life of someone else to be taken in order to feel comfort. Capital punishment has been around for centuries. It seems that rulers have always been executing those who have disobeyed their law. While many countries around the world are in the process of abolishing the death penalty, the majority of the states in America still practice criminal punishment. Those who support the death penalty tend to not be well informedRead MoreDavid Spence : An Innocent Man948 Words   |  4 PagesEvery day innocent people are convicted of crimes they did not commit. In many cases there are people who were later found innocent but were put to death. David Spence is an example of an innocent man that was executed for a murder he did not commit. David Spence is an example of an innocent man that was executed for a murder he did not commit. David Spence was executed in 1997 for murdering three teenagers in 1982. Spence was convicted of raping, torturing, and murdering two 17 year old girls andRead MoreCapital Punishment Deters Crime?876 Words   |  4 Pagesto be taken into consideration is whether capital punishment deters crime? There are two types of deterrence theories that are st retched across statistical studies in the law of criminology. The first notable theory is known as â€Å"specific deterrence† it is exercised in order to stop a criminal offence from occurring in the future. The theory evaluates that when punished for an unlawful offence it is less likely of the perpetrator to commit the crime again. Another crucial theory is â€Å"retribution† inRead MoreCapital Punishment : The Death Penalty950 Words   |  4 Pages†¢ Introduction (107 words) Capital punishment, also known as the death penalty, has long been abolished in Australia since 1967. Although our country does not sentence capital punishment, other countries do, and there is a worldwide argument on the whole topic. â€Å"Capital punishment is the practice of executing someone as punishment for a specific crime after a proper legal trial.† (BBC - Ethics: Capital punishment, 2014) Capital punishment is generally used in situations where the accused has committedRead MoreThe Costs of the Death Penalty in the United States Essay1518 Words   |  7 PagesThe Costs of the Death Penalty in the United States Capital punishment has existed in the US since colonial times. Since then, more than 13,000 people have been legally executed. Today, there are only twelve states which do not have the death penalty: Alaska, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia and Wisconsin, as well as Washington D.C. The locations of these states are importantRead More Capital Punishment Essay1241 Words   |  5 PagesIndependence, the Supreme Court legalized capital punishment (Appendix 1). Capital punishment executed for the crime of theft. Since then there have been an estimated 18,000 to 20,000 people lawfully executed(Espy pp.194). In the eighteenth century, England would punish by death for crimes such as pick pocketing and petty theft. After the 1650s colonist could be put to death for denying the true god or cursing their parents advocates. Capital punishment has clashed for a long time in the forum of public

Wednesday, December 18, 2019

Reagan Autry. Mrs. Schroder. English Iv Honors. 16 February

Reagan Autry Mrs. Schroder English IV Honors 16 February 2017 The Flaws of Pride and Prejudice Pride and Prejudice is a novel that has intrigued readers for decades. Despite where one may be from, what gender they are, or what age they are, this story enthralls every reader. One of the primary reasons that this book is so notorious is because the two main themes: pride and prejudice, are two characteristics that any person can say they have come to know. Whether it be in themselves, in a friend, or even in a stranger, pride and prejudice are two defining attributes a person may have. Almost every character in this novel possesses at least one of these characteristics and because of this, relationships are created, broken down, and built†¦show more content†¦He loved Elizabeth so much that he was willing to trade his pride for her love. However, Darcy was not the only character with major flaws. Other characters in the novel were just as notorious for their faults and weaknesses. Mrs. Bennet, another integral character in the novel is known for her bubbly, ditzy, and v ivacious personality. It is easy to say that Mrs. Bennet only cares about her daughters and ensuring that they are married. She insists that her daughters marry men in a high social class with a lot of money. Because of this, many would agree that Mrs. Bennet is extremely prejudice in various aspects, but primarily when it comes to the marriage of her daughters. For example, when the Bennets first meet Mr. Darcy, Mrs. Bennet thinks that he is nice looking and likes that he has such a large amount of money. However, she ignores him after she realizes he is rude and snobbish. But the moment that Mr. Darcy proposed to Elizabeth, Mrs. Bennet treated him as well as she treated Mr. Bingley, simply because her daughter was potentially marrying him. She didn’t care if Elizabeth was happy or if she didn’t love him. This proves that Mrs. Bingley is prejudice towards others solely for her daughter’s and her own benefit. Many would agree that Mrs. Bennet is so extremely pre judice because her daughters are truly the only thing that she has in life. The Bennets aren’t incredibly rich and she and her husband aren’t truly in

Tuesday, December 10, 2019

International Business Negotiation Free Sample

Question: Discuss about theInternational Business Negotiation. Answer: Introduction Negotiation is an important aspect of everyones life. A negotiation with a customer about the product, a negotiation with the boss about a hike in salary, international negotiation between two countries, or simply a negotiation with friends to hangout. All these are examples of negotiation. It is a process which is reserve for the skilled diplomat, top salesperson, or ardent advocate. They are practicing negotiation on the daily basis. It is an inherent quality seen in the all the negotiators. It is due to their continuous practice, which brings the deal in their favor. Negotiation is a routine affair. Although it happens daily, it is not an easy task to achieve. Every business desires to make huge profits in long run. It depends on the negotiation skills of the entrepreneur. (Lewicki et al. 2011) It is a process of making combined decisions in a different atmosphere. One can achieve their goals through negotiation. It is an art of deciding, where two or more parties discuss with one another the effort to determine their opposite interest (Mehnert, 2008). The purpose of negotiation is to share the limited resources, to create something new or to resolve the dispute. Effective negotiation strategies are important to manage difficult situation. In simpler terms if the problem is not solved than the motive is not achieved. By negotiation, common interest is fulfilled. If done, in a significant manner, it creates long-term relationship between parties. It is a basic method to achieve what one want through communication. Negotiation is carried in respect of the corresponding interest of the parties. The term bargaining is sometimes confused with negotiation. The term bargaining is used to describe the temporary situation of win and loss. It is mostly used to describe the distinctiv e way of dealing at the flea market or the other market. Negotiation is not merely give and take; it is a comprehensive process which requires lots of skills. It is develop through continuous practice and dedication (Reardon, 2014). The successful negotiator has imbibed the skill of negotiation due to continuous practicing the techniques. The most effective method of negotiation is by making the other party engage in talks. These processes involve an active participation of the parties to understand the reason behind the deal. It is important to be flexible and disciplined while negotiating. Language and culture is not a barrier in negotiation by the skilled person. They depend on the listening and understanding skills of the negotiator to identify the goals and to assess their BATNA. One needs to create a report depending on the available information (Silva, 2016).To achieve success in a negotiation, one should remember to set the bargaining range, before making an offer. It should be started at a right place to achieve the successful result. Secondly, one should not disclose any significant information about the subject matter. Thirdly, information about the other side is an added advantage to win the interest (Negotiation, 2007). Kinds of Negotiation Integrative Negotiation Integrative negotiation is one, where the parties assist to get benefit by combining their interest in harmony .In integrative negotiation; one should be good at both creating worth and claim. It is a twofold negotiation theory where one has to create as much value as possible and to claim the value. It is mostly referred as win-win situation; every party gets what they want. Thus, the ability to claim or win does not minimize others ability (Luecke, 2003). Multiphase Transactions Multiphase transactions are advantageous to those who want to encourage cooperative behavior. In its early phase, the parties are allowed to build trust on each other. It helps in providing required skills. Earlier familiarity helps in seeking future smooth advancement. Multiparty negotiation involves more than two parties. It helps in gathering information at an early stage .The major challenge is to hold together individual interest. It is important to understand the goals, interests, and relationships of the other parties (Wheeler,2013).). CaseStudy Case Study 1 Negotiation is a process reserve majorly for the skilled people. The Microsoft- Nokia deal in 2013, was the most shocking negotiation deal. The business negotiations were undertaken by the negotiator at Microsoft and Nokia to overcome the challenges. Rather than engaging in the reconciliation of difference in identity, they negotiated for maintain their own identity. The negotiator played a significant role in addressing the individual interest and successfully implementing the individual identity of the company (Lutz, 2016). It is majorly practiced in daily life whether it involve a minute issue or major global issue. A sales deal can only be converted if carried through proper negotiation skill. A salesperson focuses majorly on the negotiation skills. It is an essential part of the sales journey towards a mutually beneficial outcome. The reason why almost everything is negotiable is because if one party have certain skills which the other party dont have. The goal of a professional salesperson is a responsibility towards relation building. A professional salesperson delivers the set of best negotiable skills which the other person doesnt have. This differ them from the other negotiators. They have an inherent capability to negotiate. They understand how to convert a deal in their favors. Top sales executive has a quality to decide a deal in their favors. They know how to make the best opportunity out of the available resources (Barmak, 2007). A majority of the company are successful due to their professional negotiator. Firstly the company has to establish a wide negotiations area to apply the knowledge gained by the sales personnel through past experiences, by evaluating the performances beyond the parameter of costing and pricing. Companys behavior towards the deal makes it fruitful in the favor of the company. Where the companies have reengineered different process, negotiation remains the single domain which separates an industry from rest of the other co mpanies. Every negotiation deal is unique in itself. The deal majorly depends on the individual interest of the negotiator. It is due to continuous years of practice, a company achieves individual goals. Its their personal set of skills which distinguish them from rest others. Continuous years of practice help the negotiator to achieve the desired results (Kuttnig, 2009). Case Study2 The civil war in Syria has become one of the notorious issues in the past decade. In September 2013, US Secretary and Russian corresponding person announced a deal to prevent US interference in Syria. Diplomatic negotiation leads to the success of Russia over the USA. The word diplomat represents images of international power and strategy (International Negotiation.2016).A diplomat has to deal in a positive manner for resolving the international dispute. His role is to resolve the international disputes about social, political, economic, etc. International negotiation focuses on resolving complex issues. While transnational issues the global challenges they pose are increasingly important, it is their skill of the international negotiable on which the majority of deal focuses. Diplomats have a set of skills which distinguishes them from the rest of the world. While discussing the serious issue with each other, it is noticed that one with a good set of negotiation can come up with a b etter remedy rather than others. The major interest of both countries needs to be taken care while negotiating Starkey, et al. 2010). Researchers have confirmed that, culture negotiation style and success are related to each other .cultural tendencies are responsible for majority of cross-cultural negotiation (International Negotiation, 2016). Learning to negotiate is a part of advocacy process. The traditional approach to negotiation is through the best possible way. For an advocate, it is very important to be a good negotiator which is inherited due to several year of practice. An advocate has a set of skills which distinguishes him from the rest of the world. Negotiation is a practice done to carry out the better result. For an experienced advocate it is an easy task to convert a deal in his favor. It differentiates him from rest of the world. Only one side can win while the other loses during the negotiation process. Negotiation Style Negotiation style can be either aggressive or co-operative depending on the individual quality. Each individual has to adopt the different set of skills in different kind of negotiation. It focuses on building long term relationship. One needs to express the goals essential before negotiating. A goal determines the outcome, an individual want. An outcome below the bottom line is unacceptable .A negotiation completely depends on the individual interest. It has to be kept in mind before making any type of negotiation. The needs and necessity need to be given importance while doing the negotiation (Gosselin, 2007). Every individual has a different set of negotiating skills. In case of cross-cultural negotiation, every country has a different cultural pattern. For example: every country has different culture of negotiation. A negotiator from US and Japan create more value than the other. Negotiating doesnt depend on the place of birth of an individual; it rather depends on the individual skills of bargaining. The ability to interpret the information is of much importance while negotiating deals on cross borders. Individual convincing skills are very much important while negotiating on the international field. In case of international negotiation it is the duty of the negotiator to carry the negotiation in his/her favor (How to Overcome Cultural Barriers to Communication in International Negotiations, 2016). Instead of getting into deep arguments it is very important to find a middle way while deciding on the international negotiation. Negotiation ethics across the borders shows a unique challeng e for negotiating with the counterpart with the different background. Language is not a barrier while deciding over the international agreement. The different ethical perspectives are necessary to understand while communicating the negotiation on the international ground. Globalization is a concept which understands the political and international economy. The major question is how the world works in the global platform. The concept of globalization has changed people perception while making any international deal. The world is now a small place. Apple, apologized in April, 2013 for the warranty issues and promised o rectify them. In country like China an apology is an effective way of negotiation. Their study showed that apology can resolve the conflict much faster than the financial compensation (Apples Apology in China, 2016) International Negotiation An important example of the negotiation is in between Microsoft and AOL. They were the active competitors. Microsoft has the sight to change the negotiation in their advantage. The deal was in between two of the giants. Microsoft lost an amount of shares but has made a gain on a long run. It is only due to its negotiation skill the organization makes a difference the deal is an important while making an important negotiating deal. It focuses on an equal win-win situation for both the companies. It is completely on the individual set of skills which makes negotiation an important task in making a deal in their favors. A deal can only be converted well, if negotiated by the skilled person. The majority of deals are carried by the senior staff, which has a lot of negotiation experience. It is necessary to have a good amount of experience in the field of negotiation, to make a favorable deal (Microsoft Finessed Netscape in the Browser War, 2016). In case of international negotiation of Mitsubishi and Chrysler for a joint venture in Japan some time back. There were multiple parties whose interest was under conflict. Government and trade policies are an important aspect while dealing with the negotiation. It has to satisfy multiple interests while making any such international collaboration. Government policy plays an important role while negotiating on the international ground. Mitsubishi Chrysler collaboration has become a case which could affect the future dealing with the country. Cross Cultural Negotiation It is the personalized set of skills which encourages negotiation behavior. Everyone practice it in daily life, while buying the goods from vendor or from flea market. Negotiation is practiced in our daily life. Negotiation focus on the core interest of the parties. One who has perfect skill and knowledge has maximum chance to win. A negotiation requires eminent skills which makes a person different from others. While discussing the major cultural negotiation, there is a need to have an exemplary skill. Every individual has different set of skills. While making an international deal, it is necessary to understand the cross cultural interest. The skilled diplomat and salesperson and advocate excel in negotiating. For others it may be a time consuming and difficult process but for skilled person, it is an easy task. It is due to year of practice and hard work which make them different. Negotiation is a continuous process which focuses on building relationship. Cross cultural negotiatio n are important of dealing international business. All the majority of deals can only be cracked with the help of skilled negotiators (Hofstede, 2002). Negotiations are necessary to be carried out on the cross cultural borders with the set of personalized skills. The reason behind the success of majority of internal and external negotiation is due to their personalized skills (Edwards and Rees,2011). Conclusion One can only achieve in negotiation if he or she has personalized skills in negotiation. A negotiator has those skills which make him different from the other people. It is due to their years of practice and continuous hard work. The essay explains the qualities and case studies which involve personalized quality of negotiation. It is an art achieved through years of practice. It is an age old practice which focuses on individual capacity to conquer. The major terms of negotiation are decided by the partys. One that has an experience in negotiating can bring a significant change. This art can only be achieved through continuous hard work. In term of cross-cultural and international negotiation the personalized skills of negotiator to settle the deals play a significant role. Hence Negotiation is a process majorly for the skilled entrepreneurs. They are the one who creates a difference in the society. The majority of negotiations are carried out with the help of personalized experienc e in this field. References: Apples Apology in China.2016. Available on: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/international-negotiation-daily/top-negotiation-case-studies-in-international-negotiations-from-business-and-global-politics/ .( Accessed on: 14/09/16) Barmak, A.2007. The Accidental Salesperson: The Handbook for Selling Like a Professional in Everyday Life. The Accidental Salesperson Edwards, T. Rees, C., 2011. International Human Resource Management: Globalization, National Systems, and Multinational Companies, Gosselin, T.2007. Practical Negotiating: Tools, Tactics Techniques. John Wiley Sons Hofstede, G. Usenier, J.C., 2002. Cultural Aspects of International Business Negotiations. In International Business Negotiations. pp. 97136. How to Overcome Cultural Barriers to Communication in International Negotiations .2016. (Online).Available at: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/international-negotiation-daily/cultural-notes/ (Accessed on 14/09/16) International Negotiation .2016. (Online). (Available from: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/category/daily/international-negotiation-daily/ Accessed on : 15/09/16) Kuttnig, C., (2009). Negotiation as Corporate Skill. GRIN Verlag Lewicki, R., Saunders, D. and Barry, B. (2011) Essentials of Negotiation. London, McGraw Hill. Chapter One. Luecke ,R.2003.Negotiation.US: Harvard Business Press Lutz, K.2016.Top Negotiation Case Studies in International Negotiations from Business and Global Politics. (Online). (Available at: https://www.pon.harvard.edu/daily/international-negotiation-daily/top-negotiation-case-studies-in-international-negotiations-from-business-and-global-politics/ / (Accessed on: 14 September 2016) Mehnert, M.2008. Negotiation: Definition and Types, Manager's Issues in Negotiation, Cultural Differences and the Negotiation Process. GRIN Verlag Microsoft Finessed Netscape in the Browser War.2016. Available on: https://www.negotiations.com/case/browser-war/ .(Accessed on 14 September 2016) Negotiation.2007.Available on: https://www.cimaglobal.com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/cid_tg_negotiation_mar07.pdf.pdf (Accessed on 14 September 2016) Reardon, K. (2014). The Skilled Negotiator: Mastering the Language of Engagement. USA:John Wiley Sons Siedel, G. (2014). Negotiating for Success: Essential Strategies and Skills. Van Rye Publishing, LLC Silva,B. 2016.Negotiation: How to Successfully Negotiate Anything! Technique, Motivation, Sales, Business and Money. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform Starkey, B., Boyer, M. and Wilkenfeld, J.(2010). International Negotiation in a Complex World: New millennium books in international studies. Rowman Littlefield Wheeler,M.(2013). The Art of Negotiation: How to Improvise Agreement in a Chaotic World. Simon and Schuster

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

Slow Drivers Essay Example

Slow Drivers Essay Have you ever been trapped behind a slow driver when you’re already late for something really important? Nine times out of ten the driver was an elderly person, who has no business being on the road. How many times have you asked yourself, â€Å"What is this person doing? † And how many times have you passed this person, and come to find out it’s a grandma or grandpa? If there is a person who can barely see over the steering wheel, has 3-inch thick glasses, and has poor motor skills, they should not be operating a vehicle. These are the older generation, so to speak, of people that should not be driving. I’m not sure when a human being should have their driving privileges suspended, but I’m guessing around age 75 to 90 years old, depending on the case. Not all elderly drivers are a danger to our community, but there are more so than not. There are these aged drivers who are driving so slow and erratic, it’s causing frequent car accidents, not to mention impatient attitudes. It’s one thing to be driving 45 miles an hour on the freeway, but another to drive in two lanes at the same time. We will write a custom essay sample on Slow Drivers specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Slow Drivers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Slow Drivers specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Pick a lane and stay there! It is a known fact that mature adults start to lose their motor skills and have slower reaction times than younger drivers. These fogeys are not all to blame. It’s the people who are testing them in their driver’s license exams. The driving instructors probably feel sorry for them and are perhaps maybe â€Å"respecting their elders†. Doesn’t anybody tell these old folks that they are driving like molasses and irritating people? I’m sure their children do, and others drivers do, using the one finger salute, but I’m sure they pay no attention to those â€Å"darn kids! †

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

The Challenges African States Faced at Independence

The Challenges African States Faced at Independence One of the most pressing challenges African states faced at Independence was their lack of infrastructure. European imperialists prided themselves on bringing civilization and developing Africa, but they left their former colonies with little in the way of infrastructure. The empires had built roads and railroads - or rather, they had forced their colonial subjects to build them - but these were not intended to build national infrastructures. Imperial roads and railways were almost always intended to facilitate the export of raw materials. Many, like the Ugandan Railroad, ran straight to the coastline. These new countries also lacked the manufacturing infrastructure to add value to their raw materials. Rich as many African countries were in cash crops and minerals, they could not process these goods themselves. Their economies were dependent on trade, and this made them vulnerable. They were also locked into cycles of dependencies on their former European masters. They had gained political, not economic dependencies, and as Kwame Nkrumah - the first prime minister and president of Ghana - knew, political independence without economic independence was meaningless.   Energy Dependence The lack of infrastructure also meant that African countries were dependent on Western economies for much of their energy. Even oil-rich countries did not have the refineries needed to turn their crude oil into gasoline or heating oil. Some leaders, like Kwame Nkrumah, tried to rectify this by taking on massive building projects, like the Volta River hydroelectric dam project. The dam did provide much-needed electricity, but its construction put Ghana heavily into debt. The construction also required the relocation of tens of thousands of Ghanaians and contributed to Nkrumahs plummeting support in Ghana. In 1966, Nkrumah was overthrown.   Inexperienced Leadership At Independence, there were several presidents, like Jomo Kenyatta, had several decades of political experience, but others, like Tanzanias Julius Nyerere, had entered the political fray just years before independence. There was also a distinct lack of trained and experienced civil leadership. The lower echelons of the colonial government had long been staffed by African subjects, but the higher ranks had been reserved for white officials. The transition to national officers at independence meant there were individuals at all levels of the bureaucracy with little prior training.  In some cases, this led to innovation, but the many challenges that African states faced at independence were often compounded by the lack of experienced leadership. Lack of National Identity The borders Africas new countries were left with were the ones drawn in Europe during the Scramble for Africa with no regard to the ethnic or social landscape on the ground. The subjects of these colonies often had many identities that trumped their sense of being, for instance, Ghanaian or Congolese. Colonial policies that privileged one group over another or allocated land and political rights by tribe exacerbated these divisions. The most famous case of this was the Belgian policies that crystallized the divisions between Hutus and Tutsis in Rwanda that led to the tragic genocide in 1994. Immediately after decolonization, the new African states agreed to a policy of inviolable borders, meaning they would not try to redraw Africas political map as that would lead to chaos. The leaders of these countries were, thus, left with the challenge of trying to forge a sense of national identity at a time when those seeking a stake in the new country were often playing to individuals regional or ethnic loyalties.   Cold War Finally, decolonization coincided with the Cold War, which  presented another challenge for African states. The push and pull between the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) made non-alignment a difficult, if not impossible, option, and those leaders who tried to carve third way generally found they had to take sides.   Cold War politics also presented an opportunity for factions that sought to challenge the new governments. In Angola, the international support that the government and rebel factions received in the Cold War led to a civil war that lasted nearly thirty years. These combined challenges made it difficult to establish strong economies or political stability in Africa and contributed to the upheaval that many (but not all!) states faced between the late 60s and late 90s.

Saturday, November 23, 2019

The Legalization of Euthanasia Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics

The Legalization of Euthanasia Essays - Euthanasia, Medical Ethics Mrs. Turner English 10-4 1 April 15 The Legalization of Euthanasia Death is a tangible option for those who are suffering and see no value in life. As human beings, we should have the right to put an end to our own undergoing pain and choose a dignified death. Euthanasia, the hastening of death for a terminally ill person, is the practice of deliberately ending the life of an individual who is deteriorating from an incurable disease or intolerable pain. Todays euthanasia is generally associated with the mercy killing or where the patient requests his or her own death, also known as voluntary euthanasia. However, when a doctor takes premeditated actions to cause a death, it is known as active euthanasia. Knowing that, it is seemingly appropriate to say that I believe in the legalization of voluntary euthanasia. When a person no longer wishes to waste his or her life withering away in a hospital bed, that person should have the ability to resort to death because of their right to do as they please and the relief from the unendurable torment. An individual should have the liberty to own his or her own life, and if the reasons are rational, be able to discontinue his or her own life. Human beings are autonomous people with a right to self-sufficiency, independence, and self-regulation; we should be able to take responsibility for our own actions and make our own choices. If circumstances are completely intolerable, we should have the freedom to choose to die. Every person should have the legal right to make choices according to their own lives and values, as long as their choices do not insist upon the liberties of others. The choice of a terminally ill person to die does not impose on the rights of othersonly their own. Patients should be guaranteed the right of not being forced to suffer, as stated in the European Declaration of Human Rights (Euthanasia- ProCon.org). Whether they want to avoid excruciating pain or just end their life in a dignified manner, it is implied in the concept of ordered liberty that they have th e self-entitlement to refuse life-saving medical treatment or ask for death. To many patients, being clinically alive is simply inadequate and as a New York City doctor Jacob Appel argues, how they value their lives is inextricably linked to the quality of their lives (Right to Die). When a patients life lacks self-awareness or an inherent presence as a human because of their extreme physical and mental suffering, that patient should have the entitlement to choose a decorous death rather than an indecorous existence, as it offers them the solace of a potential escape from suffering if they ever desire it (Right to Die). A patient should have the justification to end his or her own life through the medical act of euthanasia because of the unsolicited agony, suffering, and misery linked to the disease or state he or she is in. Each person has different amounts of pain and suffering that he or she can tolerate and when a patient is suffering from a severe condition such as a terminal illness, one cannot disregard their feelings and thoughts of grief, distress, and hopelessness. By willingly falling into a deep sleep, patients are able to escape their desolation and feelings of despondency. Even with palliative care, many patients still experience extensive physical and existential suffering and pain, and pain is not always adequately controlled by palliative medicine (South Australia). With some cases of illnesses, the pain can only be subsided by producing a prolonged unconsciousness or coma. There are illnesses such as Total Dependence Syndrome, the loss of independence and control in the terminal de caying phase, which have non-painful syndromes but still involve extreme suffering (South Australia). Therefore, it is needless to say that euthanasia is a doctors act of clemency and care. Although doctors show an act of mercy for those who are suffering from unbearable pain through euthanasia, many people argue that they are still violating the Hippocratic Oath; a Greek medical oath taken by all physicians to swear upon their patients to the best of ones ability. The oath clearly dictates that physicians should not prescribe nor administer a lethal

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Engineers in the construction industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Engineers in the construction industry - Essay Example It is true that architects design for the safety of the building. Some architects even use previously used design specifications that have been observed to work. They simply copy and paste them in the new project. They see the design through the construction stage. They then walk home with the believe that the design shall work considering that it has been observed to work in the past. This is not necessarily true. Every building, even with the same design specifications, has its own individual challenges. There are no two geographical locations that are similar in all aspects. Each building has its own individual challenges during and after its construction. The architect ensures that all challenges and setbacks in construction are surmounted.   In this regard, buildings are not complete when the architect goes home.Buildings are consumed in two major ways; as residential premises or for commercial use. Residential buildings are designed to accommodate or house the owner of the bu ilding and his close associates. These associates might be family members, members of his work force or friends. The buildings could also be used to house the owner’s associates only. They do not attract any financial gain or profits directly.   The owner of the building just benefits from the fact that he gets sheltered with the building or at least his close associates or property does so. All buildings of this nature need to be designed in a way that human health is not compromised. They should be well ventilated, warm enough and well lit. Buildings can also be consumed for commercial gain. The owner of the building may or may not reside in it. Part or the whole of the building is intended for generating financial gain. The building might even house non living objects entirely. It is possible that no human being or even animal or plant